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Chemistry | Definition, Topics, Types, History, & Facts | Britannica
Cooking, fermentation, glass making, and metallurgy are all chemical processes that date from the beginnings of civilization. Today, vinyl, Teflon, liquid crystals, semiconductors, and superconductors represent the fruits of chemical technology.
Chemical compound | Definition, Examples, & Types | Britannica
All the matter in the universe is composed of the atoms of more than 100 different chemical elements, which are found both in pure form and combined in chemical compounds.
Chemical reaction | Definition, Equations, Examples, & Types - Britannica
Substances are either chemical elements or compounds. A chemical reaction rearranges the constituent atoms of the reactants to create different substances as products.
Chemical element | Definition, Origins, Distribution, & Facts | Britannica
A chemical element is any substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical processes. Elements are the fundamental materials of which all matter is composed. Learn more about the origins, distribution, and characteristics of chemical elements in this article.
Chemical synthesis | Organic & Inorganic Reactions | Britannica
Chemical compounds are made up of atoms of different elements, joined together by chemical bonds. A chemical synthesis usually involves the breaking of existing bonds and the formation of new ones.
Chemical engineering | Processes, Principles & Applications | Britannica
The fundamental principles of chemical engineering underlie the operation of processes extending well beyond the boundaries of the chemical industry, and chemical engineers are employed in a range of operations outside traditional areas.
Chemical energy | Definition & Facts | Britannica
Chemical reactions differ from physical changes, which include changes of state, such as ice melting to water and water evaporating to vapor. If a physical change occurs, the physical properties of a substance will change, but its chemical identity will remain the same.
Chemical indicator | Definition, Examples, & Facts | Britannica
Chemical indicator, any substance that gives a visible sign, usually by a color change, of the presence or absence of a threshold concentration of a chemical species, such as an acid or an alkali in a solution.
Chemical bonding | Definition, Types, & Examples | Britannica
This article begins by describing the historical evolution of the current understanding of chemical bonding and then discusses how modern theories of the formation of chemical bonds have emerged and developed into a powerful description of the structure of matter.
Hydrolysis | Definition, Examples, & Facts | Britannica
Chemical reactions must be distinguished from physical changes. Physical changes include changes of state, such as ice melting to water and water evaporating to vapor. If a physical change occurs, the physical properties of a substance will change, but its chemical identity will remain the same.
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